“Cassandra, in Greek legend, was condemned to know the future, but to be disbelieved when she foretold it.” – Twelve Monkeys

Proof that Jerry Lee Lewis was psychic with at least one of his songs: A man from Florida was arrested for dipping his testicles into salsa.
One of the simplest geometric forms is a triangle. It’s just three points and the lines that connect them. See? Simple. Elegant. The only thing simpler is a circle, but we’ll get to that, at least in passing.
The Greeks were crazy about math, like a geometry teacher on meth and Adderall® who was also genetically spliced with the Taco Bell© chihuahua, and loved dividing things. Every time they divided something, though, they got either a whole number (1/1=1), a fraction that ended (1/4=0.25) or a fraction that repeated the same number or sequence of numbers forever (1/3=0.33333333…).
See, simple rules.
Rational output. Literally rational output, because the numbers could be expressed as a ratio. That’s actually where the word rational comes from: if something can be expressed by a ratio of whole numbers, it’s a rational number. In these combinations of numbers and ratios, these Greeks saw the perfection that came from a designed universe, a place where things made sense.

The one cult died out at ate-a-Glock™ in the morning.
And that was important, since math was a cult back then. Yes, an honest to God, Waco-level showers-optional cult based as near as we can tell on math, mysticism, vegetarianism, reincarnation, and politics. Since they were vegetarians, we know that they had poor grip strength and were shunned by women. Basically, its as if they put your high school math club on an island for six generations and made them wear togas.
Triangles, though, eventually ended up driving the Greeks crazy, even crazier than the hot chicks they couldn’t get to talk to them. Actually, it wasn’t the triangle itself, but what happened when they started thinking about the simplest right triangle, one with two sides that are 90 degrees apart, and are only one unit long.
What’s the hypotenuse of that triangle?
Well, Pythagoras figured it out. With the old a2+b2=c2, the Pythagorean Theorem®, right? Turns out that it had been developed as early as 1300 years before Pythagoras became a Grecohipster by the Babylonians. I guess the Babylonians had bad press.
Enough history, back to the hypotenuse.
If a=a2=1, and b=b2=1, then c2=2. Easy. That means that c is equal to the square root of two. Or the speed of light. But let’s stick with the square root thing.

Funny thing is that their friends were imaginary, too.
Some weak, protein-starved pale Greek from the cult of Pythagoras was able to prove that the square root of 2 was irrational. It goes like this:
Assume that the square root of 2 is rational. That means we can write it as a fraction of two numbers p and q that have no common factor:

Square both sides to eliminate the square root:

The right side is clearly even (it’s 2 times something), so p² is even. The square of an odd number is always odd, and the square of an even number is always even.
Therefore, if p² is even, p itself must be even. So, we can write p = 2m for some positive integer m. Substitute this back in:
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Now the left side is even, so q² is also clearly even.
By the same logic as before, q itself must be even. But now both p and q are even, that means they share a common factor of 2.
This directly contradicts our starting assumption that p and q have no common factors
Therefore, the original assumption must be false: the square root of 2 cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers.
It is irrational.

I know it’s irrational, but I do love pumpkin pi.
This baked the gourds of the cult. Rumor has it that they kept it secret and may have even killed to keep it a secret.
This was where the word irrational came from. But the word in our language came from a concept of a number can’t be expressed as a ratio. So, before my ex-wife even existed, people were talking about the word irrational.
The square root of 2 is thus irrational. So are a lot of other numbers, like pi. The Greeks thought pi was irrational because they kept making bigger and bigger models of circles with smaller and smaller units and could never come up with a ratio that made sense because the denominator kept getting bigger, also like my ex-wife.
But here’s the part that bakes my gourd. The square root of two never ends. It’s been calculated to more digits than the weight of my ex-wife in grams, and that’s a lot, and it looks to be very random. But since it goes on forever . . . that means my social security number is in there.
And so is yours, if you have one.

Those Gen Z kids have a lot of nerve, always walking around like the rent the place.
Everyone’s social security number is probably there. And if you did something crazy like do a substitution into a different mathematical base (I used base 28) and have it map to the alphabet plus a comma and a period instead of numbers, you could have something like this for the first 400 digits of the square root of two:
AKPTVWWMVL,BOOLWLVQY..RDWM.BHVFYCFJMIAHGIU.EYMXWLPWZ.V.NT.AUBXB.UEGICHKTBRYATPCKPPUFOPWLDTVOOISWJKN,FJGOHZESKBQHPAKZ.OZHSFTPFZRQDTYDN.N.HCSTLQYYQK,HVKIQQGHYMEYDOMPGFSNNMHJAKSHC,,F,YWKSBJLQPAFZGRDMCEIXQGPVQ.NUEQOLDYFGFSRJPR.WMAXMV,NNSGRIGPGKPKGLXSCQR,SYFPHQCJXEMUEWLHOUMDSSMYDAVNXTFWOC,YBNZHBN.GNIHXSU.UBB,CHQCOATUL.AYPALBNAFHOD.ZQB,SHIWDZPCZIM.OL.TRUP.XGJLEWUUIZTCOHXBNUXGVCSVMUPFFHCBJCWMVTUXSNWHSNS.
You could even map it into the ASCII code that I’m typing in, but I was too lazy to do that, but the Sumerians calculated it in base 60 which may have made them more insane even than the Greeks. But the good news is that every post I’ve ever put up (or ever will put up) is available in the square root of 2. In order.
That also means that, rolled up in an infinite number is every possible thing that could ever exist. Every thought that could ever be had. Every .jpg of Kathleen Turner.

Don’t look up current pictures. She’s gone into Kathleen Turner Overdrive.
All of it. In one number. And in an infinite number of random irrational numbers, like pi. The Greeks couldn’t prove pi was irrational because they didn’t have calculus until one of them was reincarnated as Newton.
Now, the downside is that we have no index to where everything is sitting the square root of 2. Where, exactly, all of my posts are besides my hard drive and on the server of the hosting company are unknown.
But they’re there.
That means that everything that is, ever was, or ever will be is compressed in a single number, yet to us, also unknowable because we don’t have the index. Infinities are embedded in some of the simplest shapes in the universe: that shape which defines a plane contains, well, everything.
But this is a little deep for a Friday.
Who wants to talk about hot chicks?


Saw Warrant with Motley Crue back in the day. Honey Chambers was there and we waited outside the arena from AM. Got seats on the floor which rocked when Tommy Lee came out over the floor with drum riser.
Another cult is the Remphan (Israel) worship of boomers, no seat on the rapture express will produce stupid looks on faces.
Remphan=the 666 hex. The math adds up.
you have another thing coming
See, now I loved Crue, but Vince can’t sing their songs. I think he only sings every sixth word of Shout at the Devil.
Hot chicks and geography? Thanks :/ My brain is now fried on a Friday.
* Geometry…See?!? Fried! I tells ya!
That was my intent!
“Don’t look up current pictures. She’s gone into Kathleen Turner Overdrive.”
True dat, but back in the day? Damn!
Thanks for the great post. I’m a math teacher and none of my students care about any of this stuff. But it’s still cool and maybe one of them secretly does but just won’t admit it.
The weak pale Greek who discovered irrationality was allegedly Hippasus, who was drowned for his discovery…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippasus
The idea of indexed info hidden in irrational numbers was a key plot point in Sagan’s novel Contact which was totally dropped from the movie version. This concept is a huge rabbit hole. There are infinite irrational numbers – but which ones have what info? Why should pi or e or the square root of two be “special” as an info container? Technically, “infinite digits” does not NECESSARILY mean “contains all possible patterns”… but out of all irrationals SOME will contain the pattern you are looking for. Identifying which irrationals meet this criteria is as dicey as identifying their precise index function.
It is easy to get mystical with Number Theory. The Greeks had Pythagoras as a cult math icon; today we have Riemann.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis
There has gotta be The Meaning To Everything hidden in primes along the number line…just too much weirdness in there to be a coincidence.
https://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-spectrum-of-riemannium
To elaborate without details, irrational numbers can be subdivided by whether they are “normal” or “abnormal”. Normal irrationals contain all possible number sequences: abnormal irrationals don’t. Is pi a normal irrational? Numerical analysis SUGGESTS IT IS but THIS HAS NEVER BEEN PROVEN. Very few irrationals have been PROVEN to be normal.
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2362400/are-all-irrational-numbers-also-normal-numbers-probability-of-each-decimal-is-e
More importantly than normal and abnormal, irrational numbers can also be divided into transcendental and non-trancendental. But that’s a whole different story….
Well, no, infinity with a random chance just means you have to go farther. Because there’s always farther to go. It’s thre.
It only takes one, right?
Here is the crossing of the irrational Rubicon:
Karmello protesters are saying nothing their crew does to white folks is wrong. Houston we have a problem
Yup. That’s a big problem.
Well played, nerd. At my 30th HS reunion my wife snapped a photo of the assembled Scholastic Bowl members and proclaimed them “The Mathletes”.
I was in the group.
As was I. Team captain!
8th grade math was long addition, division & multiplication for the fall semester. Doubt that exists in any curriculum due to handheld calculators. It should be brought back, but that would be considered irrational.
Spring semester was pre-algebra. I’d guess that’s 3rd Grade stuff in Red China. Along with re-assembling a Colt 1911. Blindfolded. Both of which are not irrational.
“Along with re-assembling a Colt 1911”
When my Little Legionary came back from one of her rotations, I showed her my wife’s AR (since lost in a boating accident). She had it disassembled in seconds. And then put it back together while looking up at us and talking. Girls are scary.
We had pre-algebra, and my kids had actual algebra in 8th.
For the smart kids when I was in school – we had algebra by 9th grade, algebra2/trigonometry/pre-calculus, and finally calculus in 12th grade. I was *just* behind the curve on that so I didn’t to intro to calculus until first year of college. And I had a teacher that was used to teaching advanced calculus to grad-students and had essentially forgotten/gotten rusty at teaching the basics – and so ruined most of my class in that we just didn’t get it well (myself included). It’s most frustrating to understand the concepts but have difficulty in ‘making the problems work’ on paper. :-/
Some of my grandkids are attending a local ‘Classical’ charter school – and they’re getting basic algebra in 6th grade. I’m just hoping they stay with it. As I discussed with one of my son-in-laws who’s an engineer by profession – when you want to be an engineer – in chemistry terms – math is the ‘limiting reagent’. It defines just how far you can go with your studies – for better or worse.
Your son-in-law’s thought. Well said.
As an example of an infinite, non-repeating number which does not contain any particular sequence (such as your social security number), I offer this: “1.01001000100001000001…” just keep incrementing the number of zeros between the ones. (And I don’t care what the number base is.)
Lathechuck
Yup, but I also said . . . random 🙂
1. It’s a quibble, but Roman citizens wore togas; Greeks had the chlamys.
2. Did someone mention Irrational Pai? https://www.amazon.com/Irrational-Pai-Clayton-Barnett/dp/B0F6Y2G7CB/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8
Thank you for the quibble! I love it! And Diogenes didn’t bother with anything.